Derived from the Greek & dissection & (from ἀνατέμνω anatémnō ). Anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of organisms including their systems, organs and tissues. It includes the appearance and position of the various parts, the materials from which they are composed, their locations and their relationships with other parts.
The discipline of anatomy can be subdivided into a number of branches including gross or macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye, and also includes superficial anatomy or surface anatomy, the study by sight of the external body features. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures on a microscopic scale, along with histology (the study of tissues), and embryology (the study of an organism in its immature condition).
Anatomy can be studied using both invasive and non-invasive methods with the goal of obtaining information about the structure and organization of organs and systems. Methods used include dissection, in which a body is opened and its organs studied, and endoscopy, in which a video camera-equipped instrument is inserted through a small incision in the body wall and used to explore the internal organs and other structures. Angiography using X-rays or magnetic resonance angiography are methods to visualize blood vessels.
The term & anatomy & is commonly taken to refer to human anatomy. It comprises a consideration of the various structures which make up the human organism. In a restricted sense it deals merely with the parts which form the fully developed individual and which can be rendered evident to the naked eye by various methods of dissection. Regarded from such a standpoint it may be studied by two methods:
1 - The various structures may be separately considered—systematic anatomy; or
2 - The organs and tissues may be studied in relation to one another—topographical or regional anatomy.
Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions in a living system.
Clinical Physiology is a diagnostic specialty to which patients are referred to undergo specialized tests of functions of the heart, blood vessels, lungs, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. Testing methods include evaluation of electrical activity (e.g. electrocardiogram of the heart), blood pressure (e.g. ankle brachial pressure index), and air flow (e.g. pulmonary function testing using spirometry).
Biochemistry involves the chemical processes that occur in all living cells and organisms. Biochemistry is crucial to people in understanding how the human body functions in both normal and various disease states. The Krebs Cycle, for example, is a multi-step biochemical process by which the human body (and many other living organisms) produce energy as part of aerobic metabolism. If BSN programs omitted key fundamentals like this, nurses would have no understanding of how such common things as acute and critical illness, trauma, surgery, cardiac arrest, fever, infection, hyperglycaemia, or starvation, for example, affected their patients.
Biochemistry interventions are based on this understanding. In critical care, for instance, people learn how to preserve patients’ energy by spreading cares throughout the day and night. Blood gasses are performed to ensure that patients’ acid- base balance and oxygenation levels are maintained to promote aerobic metabolism. How medications work is directly related to biochemistry. Antibiotics, for example, work on the various microorganisms differently. Some antibiotics kill bacteria outright, by making holes in their cell walls. Others keep bacteria from replicating by disrupting intracellular processes. Many medications given to patients behave differently if blood sugar is grossly elevated or the patient is septic and dependent on anaerobic–rather than aerobic–metabolism. Biochemistry work understand what is going on with patients if they didn’t have a thorough understanding of biochemical processes and principles.
Department of Pharmacology is a branch of science that deals with the study of drugs and their actions on living systems – that is, the study of how drugs work in the body . To understand this we need to consider what a drug is, how it affects our physical, emotional and psychological wellbeing, the type of drug being used, the modes of administration, how the drug is absorbed and the characteristics of the person taking the drug. Through the pharmacology we can treat,control and prevent further worsening of the diseased condition.
Vision: To be known globally as a centre of excellence for medical & allied education, innovation, interdisciplinary research and practice for enhancing health.
Mission: Establish state of art facilities for excellent medical & allied education and interdisciplinary research. Collaborate with health care sector professionals to align curriculum and develop strong foundation for fundamental & practice health
Pathology is a branch of medical science that involves the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), bodily fluids, and in some cases the whole body (autopsy).
Other branches of pathology include:
Anatomic pathology: The study of tissues, organs, and tumours.
Cytopathology: The study of cellular changes and everything related to cells.
Forensic pathology: Doing autopsies and legal pathology tests.
Molecular pathology: The study of DNA and RNA sequencing, genes, and genetics.
Medical microbiology also known as clinical microbiology, is a subdisciline of microbiology that is applied to medicine. It deals with the study of microorganisms ( bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites & prions) capable of infecting and causing diseases in humans. At the same time, this branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, this field of science studies various clinical applications of microbes for the improvement of human health. As with other specialties in medicine, the evolution of medical microbiology is essentially a response to clinical needs. At its core is the study of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these microorganisms, and its practical applications lie in the form of diagnostic and therapeutic guidance – intrinsically a supportive role in clinical practice.
Highlights:
1 - The scope in this field is immense due to the involvement of microbiology in many fields like medicine, pharmacy, diary, industry, clinical research, water industry, agriculture, chemical technology and nanotechnology.
2 - The study of microbiology contributes greatly to the understanding of life through enhancements and intervention of microorganisms. There is an increase in demand for microbiologists globally.
3 - Microbiology is one of the largest and most complex of the biological sciences as it deals with many diverse biological disciplines.
3 - Medical microbiologists often serve as consultants for physicians, providing identification of pathogens and suggesting treatment options. Other tasks may include the identification of potential health risks to the community or monitoring the evolution of potentially virulent or resistant strains of microbes, educating the community and assisting in the design of health practices.
4 - A medical microbiologist studies the characteristics of pathogens, their modes of transmission, mechanisms of infection and growth & by using this information, a treatment can be devised accordingly.
Medical microbiology also known as clinical microbiology, is a subdisciline of microbiology that is applied to medicine. It deals with the study of microorganisms ( bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites & prions) capable of infecting and causing diseases in humans. At the same time, this branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, this field of science studies various clinical applications of microbes for the improvement of human health. As with other specialties in medicine, the evolution of medical microbiology is essentially a response to clinical needs. At its core is the study of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these microorganisms, and its practical applications lie in the form of diagnostic and therapeutic guidance – intrinsically a supportive role in clinical practice.
Highlights:
1 - The scope in this field is immense due to the involvement of microbiology in many fields like medicine, pharmacy, diary, industry, clinical research, water industry, agriculture, chemical technology and nanotechnology.
2 - The study of microbiology contributes greatly to the understanding of life through enhancements and intervention of microorganisms. There is an increase in demand for microbiologists globally.
3 - Microbiology is one of the largest and most complex of the biological sciences as it deals with many diverse biological disciplines.
3 - Medical microbiologists often serve as consultants for physicians, providing identification of pathogens and suggesting treatment options. Other tasks may include the identification of potential health risks to the community or monitoring the evolution of potentially virulent or resistant strains of microbes, educating the community and assisting in the design of health practices.
4 - A medical microbiologist studies the characteristics of pathogens, their modes of transmission, mechanisms of infection and growth & by using this information, a treatment can be devised accordingly.
Community Medicine is a new branch of medicine. It is often considered synonymous with Preventive and Social Medicine (PSM), Public Health, and Community Health. All these share common ground, i.e., prevention of disease and promotion of health. In short, Community Medicine provides comprehensive health services ranging from preventive, promotive, curative to rehabilitative services. The importance of the speciality of Community Medicine has been very well recognised and emphasized repeatedly from grass root to international levels, not only in health sector but in other related sectors too. The scope of medicine has expanded during the last few decades to include not only health problems of individuals, but those of communities as well. If we want to achieve Health For All, Community Medicine will definitely By community medicine.
Forensic medicine mainly deals with examination and assessment of individuals who have been—or are suspected to have been—injured or killed by external influence such as trauma or intoxication, but also of individuals who are suspected of having injured another person.Besides carrying out routine post mortems, the Department runs a clinical toxicology laboratory attachment that caters to several types of patients and helps clinicians in prompt diagnosis and treatment. The Department looks after a number of medico-legal aspects.
Pediatrics is the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth up to the age of 18. The word “paediatrics” means “healer of children”; they are derived from two Greek words: (pais = child) and (iatros = doctor or healer). Paediatrics is a relatively new medical specialty, developing only in the mid-19th century. Abraham Jacobi (1830–1919) is known as the father of paediatrics.
What does a pediatrician do?
A paediatrician is a child’s physician who provides not only medical care for children who are acutely or chronically ill but also preventive health services for healthy children. A paediatrician manages physical, mental, and emotional well-being of the children under their care at every stage of development, in both sickness and health.
Aims of pediatrics
The aims of the study of pediatrics is to reduce infant and child rate of deaths, control the spread of infectious disease, promote healthy lifestyles for a long disease-free life and help ease the problems of children and adolescents with chronic conditions.
Paediatrics diagnose and treat several conditions among children including:-
1 - injuries
2 - infections
3 - igenetic and congenital conditions
4 - icancers
5 - iorgan diseases and dysfunctions
Paediatrics is concerned not only about immediate management of the ill child but also long term effects on quality of life, disability and survival. Paediatricians are involved with the prevention, early detection, and management of problems including:-
1- developmental delays and disorders
2- behavioral problems
3- functional disabilities
4- social stresses
5- mental disorders including depression and anxiety disorders
Subspecialities in pediatrics include:
1 - pediatric cardiology
2 - critical care medicine
3 - endocrinology
4 - gastroenterology
5 - hematology
6 - neonatal medicine
7 - nephrology
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.These include various maladaptations related to mood, behaviour, cognition, and perceptions.
Psychiatric problems can be sudden, such as a panic attack, frightening hallucinations, thoughts of suicide, or hearing “voices.” Or they may be more long-term, such as feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or anxiousness that never seem to lift or problems functioning, causing everyday life to feel distorted or out of control.
Psychiatry deals with the treatment of all the psychological disorders.
ntistry deals with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of different oral problems.It includes different surgical procedures using medical techniques including minor procedures like scaling, restoration(filling),root canal treatment to major procedures like implants, bridges, gingivectomy etc.. It includes several departments like Pedodontics, Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Materials, Dental Anatomy, Oral Histology and Community Dentistry.
Dermatology is the science of skin and its disease. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects.
Dermatologists are experts of the skin. They study, diagnose and treat diseases of the skin, hair and nails. Some of the most common skin diseases dermatologists treat are skin cancer, fungal infections, and hair loss.
Besides treating physical diseases of the skin, dermatologists help patients deal with the emotional problems that come with skin disorders. Dermatologists tend to have solo practices. These offices are well-lighted and well equipped for efficiency. Some Dermatologist treat patients in hospitals and many have open practices with similar physicians like allergists.
Highlights: There are the different fields of dermatology i.e medical dermatology, surgical dermatology, pediatric dermatology, cosmetic dermatology etc. Different field like Trichology,specializes in disease with hair. Immunodermatology in the treatment of immunemediatedskin.Pediatric dermatology in the treatment of child problems related to skin hair. Therapies provided are cryosurgery treatment of skin cancer, chemotherapy, lesar therapy, radiation therapy etc.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease. Tuberculosis can involve any organ in the body. When tuberculosis involves lungs it is called Pulmonary tuberculosis.It is caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).DOTS is a strategy used to reduce the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases. In DOTS, healthcare workers observe patients as they take their medicine.Tests to be done for tuberculosis are :
Sputum examination for AFB(Acid Fast Bacilli) and cultures & drug sensitivity for MTB
Chest x-ray
Chest CT scan
Bronchoscopy
Thoracentesis
Biopsy of the affected tissue
Tuberculin skin test (also called a PPD test)
Newer rapid diagnostic tools for detection of MDR TB
Newer tools under evaluation for diagnosis of MDR/XDR TB
Experts insist that the accurate name of this medical specialty is actually orthopedic surgery, instead of orthopedics. However, orthopedics is the commonly recognized and accepted term for the purpose.
As a line of specialists, orthopedic surgery is made up of physicians and other healthcare professionals who provide comprehensive orthopedic services. This line of expertise provides treatment and care of diseases, injuries, fractures and pain.
A vast number of patients visit their orthopedic physicians every year from a series of disorders and medical conditions such as Arthritis (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis) Bursitis, Elbow conditions (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome, Elbow, Baseball Elbow) Fibromyalgia, Foot pain and problems, Fractures, Low back pain, Hand pain (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome), Knee Pain and problems (Ligament injuries, Torn Meniscus) Neck Pain and Problems like Osteoporosis, etc.
The Department of Gynaecology caters to women of all age group. It deals with diseases of female reproductive organs, family planning and care of women during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The Department is committed to deliver quality and evidence based clinical services to all patients coming under its domain after establishment of fully functional department.
Departmental Objectives: At the end of training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the student will be able to appreciate the socio-cultural, economic and demographic factors that influence the practice of obstetrics & Gynaecology and Appreciate the principles of reproductive anatomy and physiology. Understand the preconceptual, antenatal, intranatal and postnatal factors that affectthe mother and fetus. Recognize the changes and adaptation that occur in the mother during pregnancy, labour and puerperium. Impart antenatal care, detect deviations from normal pregnancy and refer risk cases appropriately. Know the management of normal labour, Resuscitate and take adequate care of the newborn. Assist couples with infertility and those requiring contraception. Know the normal menstrual cycle, etiopathology and management of menstrual abnormalities. Know about the benign and malignant tumours of the genital tract and appreciate the need for screening & prevention. Recognize the importance of infections and other diseases of the genital tract. Know about the displacements of genital tract and injuries. Understand the implications of medico-legal and ethical issues concerning the speciality.Acquire communication, decision making and managerial skills. Acquire skills to perform – Obstetrical& Gynaecological examinations and certain minor investigations and therapeutic operative
The Department of Ophthalmology is aimed to provide a comprehensive range of medical and surgical eye care to the patients of every age group. The department specializes in treating conditions like Cataract, Glaucoma, Squint, Retinal Diseases, Congenital and Acquired Deformities, Amblyopia, and Paediatric Cataract. Integrated with sophisticated diagnostic and micro-surgical equipment, the department complies with the best standards of quality to deliver excellent patient care.
The word orthopedics has been originally derived from two Greek words, ortho, which means ‘straight’ and paedia, implying ‘children.’
Orthopedics is the branch of medicine concerned with diseases, injuries and conditions of the musculoskeletal system or the body’s muscles and skeleton. This structure also includes the joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves.
Meanwhile, orthopedic physicians are the medical specialists who provide preventive and surgical treatment of the musculoskeletal system.
Orthopedic Surgery
Experts insist that the accurate name of this medical specialty is actually orthopedic surgery, instead of orthopedics. However, orthopedics is the commonly recognized and accepted term for the purpose.
As a line of specialists, orthopedic surgery is made up of physicians and other healthcare professionals who provide comprehensive orthopedic services. This line of expertise provides treatment and care of diseases, injuries, fractures and pain.
A vast number of patients visit their orthopedic physicians every year from a series of disorders and medical conditions such as Arthritis (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis) Bursitis, Elbow conditions (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome, Elbow, Baseball Elbow) Fibromyalgia, Foot pain and problems, Fractures, Low back pain, Hand pain (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome), Knee Pain and problems (Ligament injuries, Torn Meniscus) Neck Pain and Problems like Osteoporosis, etc.